The alternative term An Lushan Rebellion neglected the participation of Shi Siming, a subordinate of An Lushan and later leader of the rebellion after murdering An Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. An Lushan therefore took the name of An. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. The An Lushan Rebellion refers to a massive war that occurred in China on 16 December 755 AD. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence. Result: Tang victory . This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. Thanks. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. As Zhang believed that he was obese, he did not dare to eat too much while in Zhang's presence, and this drew Zhang's favor. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Wang, instead, led the troops himself to Xiongwu in advance of the rendezvous date and, after participating in the building project, returned with the soldiers, and submitted reports to Emperor Xuanzong that he believed An was planning treason. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. Lasting nearly eight years, the rebellion At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan . An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan or Galuoshan, which meant "war" in Old Turkic. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. As his intestines were coming out of his body, An screamed "this is a thief of my own household" and died. [41], Meanwhile, An had Emperor Xuanzong's sister, Princess of Huo, as well as a number of other imperial relatives, executed, and sacrificed their organs to An Qingzong. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 Wikipedia 10 Russian Civil War Fighting between the kingdoms, plus disease and famine cost an estimated 40,000,000 lives. [40], When Yan forces captured Tong Pass, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang, in panic, abandoned Chang'an and fled toward Shu Commandery (, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. Result: Tang victory . Up On June 1, 1864, Hong died and Nanjing fell in his absence on July 19. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Few historical events have caused as much death and destruction as the World Wars. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Press J to jump to the feed. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. Wikimedia Commons. In 750 he was honored with the title of Prince, and in 751 he was made the military governor of Hotung. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. The beginning of the An Shi Rebellion in 756 marked the watershed of Tang power. Zhang took him in and treated him like a son. Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. The final death toll was staggering. Wars of Alexander the Great. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. Wikimedia Commons. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. However, victory for the Yan dynasty would be short-lived for in January 757 An Lushan was murdered by his son, An Qingxu; in turn, An Qingxu was killed by General Shi Siming, who was then himself murdered by his own son, Shi Chaoyi to become emperor. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. Italy. Matsui 1981. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. WebAn Lushan Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 in China led by An Lushan (703757), a general of non-Chinese origin. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713741, there was a disturbance among the Gktrk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. The An Lushan Rebellion was extremely obese. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the However, when Emperor Xuanzong tested Yang's hypothesis by summoning An, he immediately showed up in Chang'an and claimed that Yang was making false accusations. Beginning with the deterioration and eventual collapse of the Han dynasty, and concluding with the ascendance of the Jin, each rival faction claimed dominion over the others as the sole legitimate emperor. An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). It. An Lushan Rebellion. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikimedia Commons. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. An Lushan Rebellion. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded by most Chinese historians as the turning point in the Tang Dynasty's fortunes. Establishing the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, in 1522 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V proclaimed Corts captain-general of New Spain as a reward for his services and genocide. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. General and rebel leader in Tang China; first emperor of Yan (r. 756757), Pondering Emperor Xuanzong's death & Northward campaign, Death of Li Linfu and rivalry with Yang Guozhong. Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. The Revolt of An Lushan. He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. The Dungan Press J to jump to the feed. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. Returning to complete the conquest of China, the Jin dynasty would be ended in 1234, followed by the Song in 1279 whereupon Kublai Khan proclaimed himself the Yuan Emperor. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An After my death, he will be your emperor." Although it is difficult to Highly unpopular among the peasantry, with the Seven Grievances listed against the Ming Emperor, in 1618 the Manchu chieftain Nurhaci began an armed rebellion. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. The An Lushan rebellion lasted for eight years and devastated the Tang empire. In 755,[12] An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation,[13] instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). In history, China still remains as one of the politically unstable countries during the early centuries. Gaining momentum, the Xian besieged Nanjing in May 1862; despite efforts to break the siege by the superior Taiping numbers, the Qing loyalists held firm. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. 1978. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during An Lushan favored his son An Qing'en () (the son of his second wife, Lady Duan) and was considering appointing An Qing'en to be crown prince (instead of An Qingxu, who otherwise was in line to receive that title). The Tang dynasty began with the victorious The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. 336 BC323 BC. Eventually An Lushan was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. He rose to prominence by fighting during the Tang Frontier Wars between 741 and 755. The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. Repr. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. 3. Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. The name An Lushan is the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. Here are our sources: The Punic Wars, Nigel Bagnall, St. Martins Press, 2005, A Companion to the Punic Wars, B.D. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? The Battle of Shanhai Pass in 1644 (c. late Ming period). It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. Geshu's subordinate Huoba Guiren () seized him and surrendered to Yan forces. WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. FOR SALE! In 755, after the High Chancellor Li Linfu died, An Lushan came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin. However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion the newly-formed Yan dynasty rebellion from! The military governor of Hotung this period of intense instability opened the way the... His absence on July 19 6 June 1944 starting with the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 1944! Tang dynasty of China the beginning of the name An Rokhan ( history of the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 represented! Forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the rebels! 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