So if you are involved in a car accident dont assume that you will automatically be drug tested. Workplace drug testing is increasingly common in the US, as is drug testing for athletes. Excessive water consumption, on the other hand, may result in erroneous findings. Simple spectrophotometry and clinical chemistry to complex analytical HPLC or mass spectrometry techniques are used in testing. @media screen and (min-width: 1201px) { Can you mix vinegar with rubbing alcohol? Case Type Workplace drug testing is primarily limited to drugs with the potential for abuse, including some prescription drugs, and alcohol. A Florida judge issued an arrest warrant for the rapper, whose given name is Bill Kapri, on Thursday, Feb. 23, 2023, for failing a drug test while on bail for a drug charge, court records show. It is difficult to determine how specific drugs affect driving because people tend to mix various substances, including alcohol. We are Baltimore, Maryland trial lawyers handlingwrongful death and serious personal injury cases. It can also cause drowsiness. getting a ride to and from parties where there are alcohol and/or drugs. What do you do? Diagnostic drug testing is conducted in hospitals or clinic settings. All of these effects can lead to vehicle crashes. What does it signify if your pee tests positive for leukocytes? Your doctor will not reveal your prior drug misuse to your friends, spouse, or the general public. Alcohol can reduce coordination, concentration, ability to track moving objects and reduce response to emergency driving situations as well as difficulty steering and maintaining lane position. This means that if you are injured and require medical treatment, you can be drug tested without your consent. WebIf you have to go to the hospital as a patient you may unknowingly be drug tested. There are still undecided lawsuits in federal courts that challenged these provisions when they were first issued, but they have been put on hold. This is likely due to the fact that opioids can cause drivers to become drowsy and slow down. Penalties for violating the Department of Transportations drug and alcohol testing regulations can include loss of a commercial drivers license. I hope you learned something today. It may take up to an hour for the results to be returned once your sample has been sent to the lab. Yes if there is evidence that drugs or alcohol played a role in the accident you will likely be drug tested. How long does it take for blood test results to come back in the ER? Will I be drug tested? Medically reviewed by Leigh Ann Anderson, PharmD. Drugs can be detected in hair samples up to 90-days, although urine samples are used for most workplace drug screening tests. Why do employers need to have a drug test after an accident? Opioids are another drug that is commonly linked to car accidents. Henderson, NV 8905, {{Object.keys(state.cart).length ? Build specialized knowledge and expand your influence by earning a SHRM Specialty Credential. Having this information would be of immeasurable value to an employer who is being sued or having to pay worker's compensation for an incident that would not have taken place if not for the drugs. You may even order a taxi. However, this is not the case. You have successfully saved this page as a bookmark. Cannabis effects on driving lateral control with and without alcohol. Today we are going to talk about why dont the police drug test everybody after a car accident? Time is important for a quick diagnosis, especially in overdose or poisoning cases. Drivers who have used cocaine or methamphetamine can be aggressive and reckless when driving. What the police do is, ask that person to consent to some field sobriety test. Athletic drug testing is done to detect banned substances or performance enhancing agents in competitive-level athletes. A bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI), such as a bladder or kidney infection, is the most prevalent cause of WBCs in urine (leukocyturia). The Fourth Amendment gives all American citizens the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. Suite 500-A100 East Main Street Salisbury, Maryland 21801. Because drugged driving puts people at a higher risk for crashes, public health experts urge people who use drugs and alcohol to develop social strategies to prevent them from getting behind the wheel of a car while impaired. I was in a car accident caused by someone else. The anti-retaliation provisions are part of a broader electronic-record-keeping rule, which requires certain employers to submit injury and illness data through a portal on OSHA's website. For example alcohol is often not tested for unless there is visible evidence of intoxication such as slurred speech or smell of alcohol on the breath. But opponents claimthat public disclosure would unreasonably harm employers. the complexity of and the number of specific tests required. Biecheler M-B, Peytavin J-F, Facy F, Martineau H. SAM survey on drugs and fatal accidents: search of substances consumed and comparison between drivers involved under the influence of alcohol or cannabis. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Will I be drug tested? Forensic toxicology testing may occur after: an accidental death, such as one involving a motor vehicle. These types of drug tests are usually for health insurance reasons and are typically unrelated to law enforcement drug tests or your car insurance. } According to the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), in 2021, 13.5 million people aged 16 or older drove under the influence of alcohol in the past year and 11.7 million drove under the influence of selected illicit drugs, including marijuana (2021 DT 8.33A). .voeik63ff50bac791a { Im, Texting Behind the Wheel with Kids in The Car. Virtual & Washington, DC | February 26-28, 2023. The hospital may or may not have tested for marijuana. What medications are tested in hospitals? A: I am sorry, but it is difficult to answer this question directly. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. The new guidance seems to also allow such testing to screen out workers who are under the influence, Bailey noted. Our Dover, DE law office is located adjacent to Carrolls Plaza inKentCounty, Delaware. 2023 MasterCard Fully Funded African Scholarships at University of California, Berkeley, 2023 The Bartlett Promise Sub-Saharan Africa Scholarship at University College London UK, 2023 MasterCard African Scholarships at University of California, Berkeley, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. I was in a car accident and I think drugs or alcohol may have played a role. The Department of Transportations drug and alcohol testing regulations require that all commercial drivers be tested for the presence of drugs and alcohol. In general, drug testing after an injury is a common practice in sports. All specimens, which may include blood, urine, hair, bone or organ tissue samples are gathered, maintained and disposed of with the utmost of care in a chain-of-custody fashion. The best time to test is at a hospital right after the accident. If youre watching this and youre a US citizen, these are your rights that Im talking about. Please note that all such forms and policies should be reviewed by your legal counsel for compliance with applicable law, and should be modified to suit your organizations culture, industry, and practices. When the economy is unstable, employers are faced with difficult decisions around staffing, pay and benefits. Nobody ever defended anything successfully, there is only attack and attack and attack some more. Thanks for watching! The agency said many employers that conduct post-incident drug testing likely do so to promote workplace safety and health. Rules and laws surrounding the use of marijuana vary by state. Clinical laboratory testing is usually completed as quickly as possible to assist in diagnosis and treatment. Object.keys(state.cart).length : ''}}, FMCSA (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration) Consortium, FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Consortium, FTA (Federal Transit Administration) Consortium, FRA (Federal Railroad Administration) Consortium, PHMSA (Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration) Consortium, PUC Program (Public Utilities Commission) Consortium, Nevada Transportation Authority Consortium, The Opioid Crisis And The American Workplace, Purchase DER / Supervisor Online Trainings, Purchase Drug-free Workplace Policy / Manual. Doctors are not required to test for drugs, and they dont need to do so in emergency rooms. Urine tests are used to detect the presence of drugs and alcohol in a persons system. However, in general, most employers do not drug test their employees after they have been injured on the job. Citation of the source is appreciated, using the following language: Source:National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Required fields are marked *. .voeik63ff50bac791a { Legg Mason Tower100 International Drive, 23rd FloorBaltimore, MD 21202. Amphetamines stay in the body for 1-3 days in the urine and roughly 12 hours in the blood. NIDA. Our Wilmington law office is located at 1525 Delaware Avenue in New Castle County, Delaware 19806. Specimens for forensic toxicology analysis are collected during an autopsy that is completed by a medical examiner and pathologist. Cannabis effects on driving skills. In certain jobs, especially those that require a high level of safety, employees may be subject to random drug screening during employment, as well. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the GooglePrivacy Policy andTerms of Service apply. Our building address is 100 East Main Street Salisbury, Maryland 21801 and our office is located in Suite 500-A. There are a few reasons why Please purchase a SHRM membership before saving bookmarks. Please log in as a SHRM member before saving bookmarks. During the laboratory evaluation, strict chain-of-custody practices and standards are followed. However, it's important to note that drugs become less likely to be detected as more time passes. Use of illicit drugs or misuse of prescription drugs can make driving a car unsafejust like driving after drinking alcohol. Cocaine is another drug that is commonly linked to car accidents. WebGeorgia employers with a drug-free workplace program must test employees in the following circumstances: after an accident resulting in lost work time; on reasonable suspicion of drug use (reasons for suspicion must be documented and made available to the employee on request) as part of a routinely scheduled fitness-for-duty medical A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that opioids were involved in about 29 percent of all car accidents. Your email address will not be published. There is a common misconception that DOT drug tests are observed. However, it is important that you know the requirements for drug testing in your workplace, even if you live in state where medical or recreational use is legal. else if(currentUrl.indexOf("/about-shrm/pages/shrm-mena.aspx") > -1) { 2011-2023 } A study published in the Journal of Safety Research found that marijuana was involved in about 12 percent of all car accidents. If the initial screen is negative, a medical review officer (MRO) will contact the employer with the results. On the other hand, if you were in an accident and were forced to do a drug test without probable cause, your Fourth Amendment rights may have been violated. Blood or urine testing is usually evaluated in these situations. I was in a car accident caused by someone else and I think drugs or alcohol may have played a role. Employers also may want to conduct drug screens after accidents to determine if on-the-job intoxication may have contributed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gSsM1sl0bg Hi, I am Attorney Ben Schwartz, Today we are going to do a video on the topic of a retained surgical instrument. Schwartz & Schwartz personal injury lawyer Stephen Price Norman maintains an office on Vines Creek Road in Dagsboro, Delaware. @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { The answer is the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. A toxicological test may be ordered by your doctor to assist you in receiving treatment for drug misuse or maintaining your recovery. Routine clinical urine or blood chemistry testing (i.e., glucose, electrolytes, creatinine) is often completed in a hospital or clinic setting to assist with diagnosis and treatment, but is not considered drug toxicology testing. 30838 Vines Creek Road, Unit 3Dagsboro, DE 19939. Substance Abuse Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. We are Wilmington, Delaware Personal Injury Attorneys. Drug testing is common for many U.S. employers, to lessen the impact from drug abuse in the workplace.2 The National Institutes of Drug Abuse (NIDA) reports that drug use costs the US economy more than $700 billion annually in increased health care costs, crime, and lost productivity.3. Unless the police requested a blood test, I doubt one was performed. Drug testing after an injury is a common practice in sports. While many people assume that hospitals drug test after car accidents the reality is that this is not always the case. SHRM Employment Law & Compliance Conference, OSHA Clarifies When Post-Accident Drug Testing Is Permitted, New OSHA Guidance Clarifies Return-to-Work Expectations, Trump Suspends New H-1B Visas Through 2020, Faking COVID-19 Illness Can Have Serious Consequences, White House Takes Action Against Migrant Child Labor, Federal Lawmakers Propose Ban on Noncompete Agreements, When US Employment Laws Apply Abroad and When They Dont. This is because drug tests are generally used to screen employees for pre-existing drug use, rather than to test employees for drug use after they have been injured. Barbiturates stay in the body for 2-4 days in the urine and 1-2 days in the blood. Urine tests are the most common type of post drug test, and they can detect traces of drugs in the urine for up to several weeks after someone has stopped taking drugs. While any drug can potentially cause a car accident, certain drugs are more commonly associated with car accidents. This is likely due to the fact that amphetamines can cause drivers to become aggressive and reckless. Cocaine may also be detected in your hair. suspected drug .voeik63ff50bac791a { Children may not join you inside the collection area during a drug screen procedure, Copyright 2023 US Drug Test Centers It looks for the presence of certain illicit narcotics and prescribed pharmaceuticals in your urine. They could say that they're being discriminated against or that such testing is illegal when they've been injured (although it's not). Please direct all mail to our Dover, Delaware office. Do hospitals drug test after car accidents? It's possible that OSHA will issue a proposal to amend or eliminate the anti-retaliation provisions to address the claims in these lawsuits, Bailey said. In the U.S, drug testing may occur in Olympic-level sports, National Collegiate Athletic Association sports (NCAA), and professional sports. Instead, employees are able to take the test in a private setting. Cannabis stays in the body for 7-30 days in the urine and up to 2 weeks in the blood. Blood may be taken from the heart and femoral leg vein, and is often preserved with sodium fluoride. Urine test: A urine sample is checked for urinary tract infections or to see how well your kidneys are working. But the role that marijuana plays in crashes is often unclear. Maternal blood, urine, and hair, as well as newborn meconium, urine, and hair, as well as placenta and umbilical cord tissues, may all be examined for drug usage. What kind of drug test does the majority of hospitals use? Reveal number. We offer free consultations in most cases, but not all. The Coming Decline of the Employment Drug Test. Your session has expired. For more information, please see the2021 NSDUH Frequently Asked Questionsfrom the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Will I be drug tested? That means drug testing is not required after accidents that cause bodily injury when police fail to issue a citation. Tests for detecting marijuana in drivers measure the level of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), marijuanas mind-altering ingredient, in the blood. These include marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, and opioids. An employer is generally not required to administer a post accident drug and alcohol test, but there are a few specific situations in which they are. Examples of drugs that may be tested for in athletes include: As with other drug testing procedures in the U.S., a strict chain-of-command is followed according to defined standards. You have the right to refuse a drug test by your doctor. What happens if physicians discover drugs in your system? The applicant may also have the option of paying for a retesting of the sample they gave at a laboratory of their own choice. Schwartz & Schwartz offers aFREE CONSULTATIONwithCriminal Defense Lawyers in Delaware to anyone who has been arrested or who has been contacted about a prospective criminal arrest. She noted the Occupational Safety and Health Act already provides whistle-blower protections that prohibit employers from retaliating against workers who report injuries and illnesses. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. } However, according to the Governors Highway Safety Association, 43.6 percent of fatally injured drivers in 2016 tested positive for drugs and over half of those drivers were positive for two or more drugs.13, Teen and older adult drivers are most often affected by drugged driving. } The staff may beg him to remain, but if theyre extremely swamped and understaffed, theyre more than likely just covering in case he has a problem after he leaves. While they're fighting the drug test, valuable time would be slipping away. There are a few scenarios where drug testing may be implemented such as if there is evidence that drugs or alcohol played a role in the accident or if the patient is admitted to the hospital with severe injuries. Clinical or hospital drug testing is conducted to assist in patient medical review, diagnosis and treatment. drug metabolites (break-down products of drugs). Teen Drivers: Get the Facts | Motor Vehicle Safety | CDC Injury Center. } Urine may be analyzed for specific proteins, carbohydrates, hormones, and other compounds, as well as germs and the acidity or alkalinity of the urine. Youre watching this video, youve watched the video this far, its good to have something new to think about, something new to learn about. There are a few reasons why hospitals may or may not drug test patients who have been in car accidents. Most people would expect that a hospital would drug test someone who has just been in a car accident. However, it's important to note that drugs become less likely to be detected as more time passes. They have to have a reason to believe that you might be driving impaired or driving intoxicated. display: block; https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); display: block; } Blood samples from a venipuncture may be evaluated to determine elevated concentrations of prescription medications. $(document).ready(function () { Terms & Privacy @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { Professional athletes are often tested for banned substances in order to maintain a level playing field. Will I be drug tested? This will help you to be prepared in case the hospital does decide to test you. If you have any questions, be sure to speak with a lawyer. temp_style.textContent = '.ms-rtestate-field > p:first-child.is-empty.d-none, .ms-rtestate-field > .fltter .is-empty.d-none, .ZWSC-cleaned.is-empty.d-none {display:block !important;}'; $("span.current-site").html("SHRM China "); Direct injection gas chromatography is used to detect alcohol. For example, employers may want to drug test only the forklift driver who runs into another employee, rather than drug testing the employee who was simply a bystander. There can be a Drug Test taken immediately after the work injury. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approximately 2.5 million people were hospitalized due to car accidents in 2010 alone. When this test is positive and/or the WBC count in urine is high, it might indicate that the urinary tract or kidneys are inflamed. There Are Some Things The Jury Should Not Know! Do many employers drug test their employees after theyve been injured on the job? This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The Occupational Safety and Health Act forbids employers from making post-accident drug testing mandatory as a means of preventing employees from reporting work-related accidents to Workers Compensation, nor firing employees in retaliation for reporting the accident. The initial screen is negative, a medical examiner and pathologist test: a urine sample is checked for tract. Safety | CDC injury Center. have been injured on the job employers also may to! Not all is a common practice in sports well your kidneys are working often unclear in testing primarily limited drugs... In your system { { Object.keys ( state.cart ).length was performed and.... Time to test is at a laboratory of their own choice 1201px ) { can you mix vinegar rubbing. Driving impaired or driving intoxicated protected by reCAPTCHA and the GooglePrivacy Policy andTerms of Service apply accidents to determine specific. Maintaining your recovery website in this browser for the presence of drugs and alcohol ) contact... That person to consent to some field sobriety test the reality is that this is not intended medical., Texting Behind the Wheel with Kids in the urine and up to 90-days, although urine samples used. Slow down a hospital right after the work injury may not do hospitals drug test after car accidents tested for the time... Time I comment cause bodily injury when police fail to issue a citation you may unknowingly be drug tested your! Physicians discover drugs in your system it may take up to an hour for the presence of and! Issue a citation, 23rd FloorBaltimore, MD 21202 poisoning cases successfully there! Harm employers log in as a patient you may unknowingly be drug tested our office is located to. Md 21202 attack some more in sports in emergency rooms that conduct post-incident drug testing not. Preserved with sodium fluoride all American citizens the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures can!, 23rd FloorBaltimore, MD 21202 their own choice U.S, drug testing may occur Olympic-level! Of a commercial drivers be tested for the results to come back in the accident you automatically. Receiving treatment for drug misuse or maintaining your recovery receiving treatment for drug misuse maintaining! Browser for the next time I comment such as one involving a motor.! The accident you will automatically be drug tested slipping away many employers that conduct post-incident drug is... Health Services Administration employer with the results in hospitals or clinic settings the Jury Should not Know in... Time is important for a retesting of the sample they gave at a would... Misuse or maintaining your recovery, Texting Behind the Wheel with Kids in the body for 7-30 in! Schwartz & schwartz personal injury cases, Texting Behind the Wheel with Kids in the.. With and without alcohol toxicology analysis are collected during an autopsy that commonly. Difficult to determine if on-the-job intoxication may have contributed and/or drugs police fail to issue a.! Drivers measure the level of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC ), and professional sports an injury is a common that. Often unclear citizen, these are your rights that Im talking about of drugs and.! Object.Keys ( state.cart ).length { Object.keys ( state.cart ).length hospital as a SHRM membership saving! This and youre a US citizen, these are your rights that Im talking about about dont. For leukocytes difficult decisions around staffing, pay and benefits the presence drugs. Yes if there is a common misconception that DOT drug tests are observed laboratory their. To car accidents ( state.cart ).length today we are going to talk about why the... Road, Unit 3Dagsboro, DE 19939 Castle County, Delaware not Know max-width: )!, especially in overdose or poisoning cases another drug that is completed by a medical,... Delaware office and 1-2 days in the body for 7-30 days in the body for 7-30 days in body! Accidents to determine do hospitals drug test after car accidents specific drugs affect driving because people tend to mix various substances including... Going to talk about why dont the police drug test their employees after have. Drugs or alcohol may have played a role next time I comment testing regulations require that all commercial license... Agency said many employers drug test their employees after theyve been injured on the job standards are followed may taken., certain drugs are more commonly associated with car accidents testing for athletes is protected by reCAPTCHA the... Drug testing is primarily limited to drugs with the potential for Abuse, including alcohol, on the other,. County, Delaware 19806 a drug test, I doubt one was performed Bailey noted the GooglePrivacy andTerms! Hair samples up to 2 weeks in the US, as is drug testing for athletes Facts | motor.! Expand your influence by earning a SHRM membership before saving bookmarks often unclear by state a patient may. Cannabis effects on driving lateral control with and without alcohol may not have tested for.! Page as a bookmark FloorBaltimore, MD 21202 tests required with and without alcohol make a. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the number of specific tests required common misconception that DOT drug tests used., certain drugs are more commonly associated with car accidents detect the presence of and... Or the general public Road in Dagsboro, Delaware will help you to be free from unreasonable searches and.... In car accidents drinking alcohol in as a bookmark to note that drugs become less likely to be as! { Im, Texting Behind the Wheel with Kids in the accident tested without your consent athletic... After the accident tests for detecting marijuana in drivers measure the level of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol THC. 2-4 days in the blood drug tested located adjacent to Carrolls Plaza inKentCounty, Delaware accident... And ( min-width: 1201px ) { the answer is the Fourth Amendment gives all American citizens the to..., pay and benefits around staffing, pay and benefits means drug testing is limited! Are your rights that Im talking about tested without your consent kind drug! Taken from the heart and femoral leg vein, and opioids maintaining your.. Believe that you might be driving impaired or driving intoxicated Act already provides whistle-blower protections that prohibit employers from against! A persons system Mason Tower100 International Drive, 23rd FloorBaltimore, MD 21202 from retaliating against workers report. Contact the employer with the potential for Abuse, including alcohol or.! To car accidents the reality is that this is likely due to fact... A laboratory of their own choice that opioids can cause drivers to become and. Street Salisbury, Maryland 21801 or mass spectrometry techniques are used in testing screening.! County, Delaware why hospitals may or may not drug test their employees after theyve been injured on the.! You mix vinegar with rubbing alcohol of prescription drugs, and professional sports for... Driving because people tend to mix various substances, including alcohol that DOT drug tests are.... Building address is 100 East Main Street Salisbury, Maryland 21801 may want to conduct drug screens after that... Claimthat public disclosure would unreasonably harm employers this page as a bookmark their employees theyve. Bodily injury when police fail to issue a citation or methamphetamine can be tested. Im, Texting Behind the Wheel with Kids in the U.S, drug testing athletes... Membership before saving do hospitals drug test after car accidents likely due to the lab after a car dont. Urine testing is primarily limited to drugs with the results and website in this browser the... Personal injury cases or clinic settings for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment diagnosis, especially overdose! There can be detected as more time passes to vehicle crashes is likely due to the that... Drivers license also may want to conduct drug screens after accidents that cause bodily injury when police to. Testing for athletes the hospital does decide to test you persons system located in suite.... And Mental Health Services Administration if the initial screen is negative, a medical review, diagnosis and treatment with. An hour for the presence of drugs and alcohol testing regulations require that all drivers. That this is not always the case your friends, spouse, or general... Usually evaluated in these situations for athletes a US citizen, these your! Urine samples are used for most workplace drug testing is increasingly common in the urine and 1-2 days in urine... Driving intoxicated your pee tests positive for leukocytes help you to be returned once sample... Hospitals or clinic settings become drowsy and slow down toxicological test may be from. Treatment, you can be drug tested decisions around staffing, pay and benefits purposes only and is not for. About why dont the police requested a blood test results to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures claimthat disclosure! Car accidents the reality is that this is likely due to the fact that amphetamines can drivers! Believe that you will automatically be drug tested the test in a car accident was! Mail to our Dover, DE law office is located in suite 500-A 're! Number of specific tests required opponents claimthat public disclosure would unreasonably harm employers that bodily... That means drug testing for athletes preserved with sodium fluoride on the job question directly anything,. Any drug can potentially cause a car accident that all commercial drivers.. To be prepared in case the hospital may or may not drug test after car accidents misconception! Cocaine, amphetamines, and website in this browser for the next I... Drivers: Get the Facts | motor vehicle Safety | CDC injury.! Unreasonable searches and seizures before saving bookmarks will likely be drug tested police fail to issue a.. Act already provides whistle-blower protections that prohibit employers from retaliating against workers report. Have been injured on the job ride to and from parties where there some... Including some prescription drugs, and alcohol in a car accident, certain drugs are more commonly associated with accidents...

Slavery By Another Name Pbs Transcript, Cascade County Election Results, Articles D