I sensed myself moving from an introspective participant in the event toward the role of teacher. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. The room stayed deadly still. In the martial atmosphere of the class they seemed stunned and pensive. I was now acting instinctively as a dictator. In our consoling each other we became a rock in the stream of exiting students. I reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a show of allegiance. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. This rally is for members only.". Ron tried to show his students what it would be like living in a totalitarian environment. Students showed increased academic skill and motivation. Their faces held looks of disbelief. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". Or he is exaggerating, or what? These and other controversial experiments led . Just smiling and saluting other class members. It helped me approach them in a deliberate way. I demanded that they leave the room. Taken to an extreme we have seen and perhaps felt what these actions will lead to. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. In fact I was surprised to find the ideas on discipline enacted at all. Indeed, people of all nations and races . The feeling of being "in" or part of something so great and orderly. Then smiled, and slowly raised a hand in a cupped position. A presence that will not change. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. 10. The trials. How far would you have gone? Jones, please?" It's strange, you most a past student In these chance ways, You catch a few moments of your life. I graduated in 1967 and lost contact with Ron, But my mother worked at the school and kept me up to date as to what was going on with him. Many have heard of Stanley Milgrams famous experiment on the effect authority has on ordinary people or Philip Zimbardos Prison Experiment that he conducted at Stanford University. Don't talk to anyone about this. I decided to push the tolerance of the class for regimented action. Conclusions made by contemporary political scientists and sociologists reflect the experiences of the subjects of the Third Wave Experiment and make connections between those experiences and witness statements in history. Composite by Coffee or Die . If you will stand up and display what You have learned in the past four dayswe can change the destiny of this nation. Steve will continue to grow and change. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. Finally questions began to emerge. He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. Events were crushing around me. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. The question here is not why but how the German people came to support the Nazi regime. Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. set I had in the front of the room. Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. PS I'd LOVE to hear voices of his former students in general and from his class that he described in specific. On Wednesday, I decided to issue membership cards to every student that wanted to continue what I now called the experiment. Sort by: best. You're more alert. You can't admit to being manipulated. Jones was a teacher who usually granted his students a lot of leeway. These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. On Friday, the final day of the exercise, I spent the early morning preparing the auditorium for the rally. During the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience experiments that led to some surprising results. He was correct. In ghostly images the history of the Third Reich paraded into the room. The experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, during the first week of April 1967. He was holding on to me and shaking. In concluding this conversation I envisioned similar conversations throughout history in which the clergy accepted and apologized for untenable conditions. Robert was sobbing. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. Set in 1967 in Palo Alto, California, during the Vietnam war, racial integration and social revolution, the play centers around a young, popular teacher, Ron Jones, and his world history class. Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. Adolf Eichmann, however, was no ordinary man. Students seemed intent on the assignment and displayed Accurate recitation of facts and concepts. It was too late to step back. It was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would sadly share for the rest of our lives. By this, the fourth day of the experiment I was beginning to lose my own arguments. To accepting the Third Wave as a way of life. Then say goodbye. Was the desire for discipline and uniformity a natural need? By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. Several social experiments, such as The Third Wave Experiment, have taken place as an attempt to better understand the nature of tyranny and the conditions under which it comes to fruition. For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. You won't admit to participating in this madness. I found him that morning propped up against the classroom door. April 7, 1967. You said that Ron was lying. The trance with the television continued for what seemed like hours. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. I walked over to Robert and threw my arms around him. Following my description of community I once again told the class that community like discipline must be experienced if it is to be understood. The rabbi became a part of the experiment In remaining ignorant of the oppression in the experiment he became an accomplice and advocate. They possessed a silent confidence and took pleasure in a school setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity. I couldn't let the Roberts lose again. Manipulated. No one moved. The Aversion Project (1970s and 80s). Instead of simply summarising Haslams theory, however, its necessary to study his newer formulation of old conclusions to analyse a different, lesser-known social experiment called The Third Wave Experiment. At that time, the Nazi regime was being widely studied, and the world asked itself how such atrocities could have occurred in so-called civilised states. According to a former student, Jones did a double take. Many students outside the class asked if they could join. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. It concerned a bewilderment at the German populace claiming ignorance and non-involvement in the Nazi movement. Here Ive met a student and we've talked for hours about this nightmare. Jones based the name of his movement on the supposed fact that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. "Through the experience of the past week we have all tasted what it was like to live and act in Nazi Germany. "We can do it!" "There can't you breath more easily? These American students did not believe that they would have been so easily tricked, and their teacher set out to prove them wrong. Returning again to the experiment conducted at Cubberly High School in Palo Alto 1967, we can start to use the newer analyses provided to reassess it. I talked about pride. Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. 1976 Ron Jones First Short Story "The Third Wave". How a ballet dancer or painter works hard to perfect a movement. On the contrary, he had not simply followed orders blindly, he had actually planned his actions in great detailhe was an author of the Holocaust. The balance between role playing and directed behavior became indistinguishable. "[1], Although the experiment was not well documented at the time, it was briefly mentioned in two issues of the Cubberley High School student newspaper, The Cubberley Catamount. On Tuesday, the second day of the exercise, I entered the classroom to find everyone sitting in silence at the attention position. Jones announced to the class that this movement was a part of a nationwide movement and that on the next day a presidential candidate of the Third Wave would announce its existence to the public. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. The authority of Ron Jones acted as a force, a power, similar to that of Eichmann, the difference being that Jones was not motivated by evil, rather the opposite. "Strength Through Community." I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. No. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. Every person focusing on the T.V. As the movement grew outside his class and began to number in the hundreds, the experiment had spiraled out of control. Can I do it Kr. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. Since we had a salute I made it a rule to salute all class members outside the classroom. If Ron Jones was in fact terminated from the school, it is clearly because humanity is afraid to let go and see what is possible. But no. The procedures were simple. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.. I sure do, it was one of the most frightening events I ever experienced In the classroom. He convinced the students to attend a rally where he claimed that the classroom project was part of a nationwide movement, and that the announcement of a Third Wave presidential candidate would be televised. To grab quick solution. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. If I suddenly jolted them back to classroom reality I would face a confused student- body for the remainder of the year. Within days, they had a motto, flag, salute, and began to view themselves as an exclusive, elite group. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. With that, I gave the salute followed automatically by two hundred arms stabbing a reply. They didnt know where their teacher was, and the doors were guarded by militant student Gestapo. The Third Wave is a true story about a high-school experiment in fascism that spiraled out of control. Talk about tone deaf. The ethical question that weighs heavy in the discussion is that of whether or not social experimentation can be morally tenable. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. it was a good question. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. Evil becomes banalised by human beings, but it is not in itself banal. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). In 1967, teacher Ron Jones conducted a social experiment with unexpected results. It was for class members only. We would repeat the mottos in a rotating chorus. The school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like. The visual stench of death camps. I explained why I acted and then assigned four guards to escort the women to the library and to restrain them from entering the class an Friday. I also questioned if they could make a good showing, because the press had been invited to record the event. After the studies of Drs Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, the common conclusions have been ditched, and Hannah Arendts words have been reanalysed to provide a new conclusion to the causes and nature of tyranny and evil. Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. Third Wave Experiment. In response to these attestations, we must first highlight the fact that these students werent infants, they were between 15 and 16 years of age. They were doing something together. The Third Wave. A hushed silence shrouded the room. The pleasure of doing something right and being rewarded. In 3 days the movement had grown to 200 students. He could do something. [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. 6. The act of apology. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. We get or take an ascribed role and then bend our life to fit the image. They were asked to read out questions to a student and whenever the student got a question wrong, the subjects were ordered to electrocute the student, increasing the force of the current gradually the more questions that they got wrong. Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. Each Student had a job and they weren't to . Even stranger was the gradual improvement in the quality of answers. Joness students regretted their having followed a tyrannical regime, even though it was fake, and the subjects of Milgrams experiment followed orders because they perceived the experimenter as having some kind of legitimate authority. In my view and pedagogical experience, a good pedagogical simulation should involve a sense of ambivalence between real and artificial that promotes an inquiry and reflection among the students. How can a people be a part of something and then claim at the demise that they were not really involved' What causes people to blank out their own history? I said chocolate chip of course. I can tell you and anyone else about the Third Wave. He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. Some former students explain that their parents at the time didnt talk about emotions, and taught their children to respect the government and authorities, but that the Third Wave Experiment gave them a different point of view on blindly following orders and authoritiesthey appreciated the fact that they had been given the opportunity to see through their naivety. I was shocked! Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. The feeling being correct was more desired than being free. (I later found out it was the father of one of the students. This is the wrong interpretation and the wrong conclusion to make. My job. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. I explained how at noon on Friday a national candidate for president would announce the formation of a Third Wave Youth Program. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. This incidence of monitoring meant that half the class now considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their class. How Witch-Hunts From the Left are Handing Victory to the Religious-Right, Charlie Hebdo and Free Speech Youre Either With Us or Against Us, The Destructiveness of the White Fragility Phenomenon, Why Neuralinks Pigs Are Hogging the Limelight, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the 'Banality of Evil', On the Radical Feminist Colonisation of Prostitution Discourse, 7 Extraordinary Things The Ancient Greeks Gave Us. It was like we were all witness to a birth. Secondly, the manipulation or deception of the studentsas with the subjects in Milgrams experimentwas necessary to produce the conditions conducive to an accurate depiction of reality and, ergo, the best conclusions. first to the despondent student and then back to the television. he was a body guard. This also featured interviews with Jones and former students. Students were issued a member card. I was exhausted and worried. What does he do now (or after he was fired)? Upon hearing of our activity he simply lost control Late in the evening he broke into the room and tore it apart. Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". Not a vacant seat could be found. I walked up and down the aisles of seated students pointing out small flaws, making improvements. The involvement level in the class moved from the few who always dominated discussions to the entire class. Strength through community I began to think of myself as a part of the experiment. I have participated in similar experiments and also discovered the innate being inside is so easily manipulated due to a childlike want for approval and purpose being just the way they are. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. Control. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.[1][2][3][4][5]. I saluted back. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. Hand curved in a similar fashion I return the gesture. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. The students obeyed. So, he decided to demonstrate this . "There is no leader! Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. As abruptly as it started the film froze to a halt on a single written frame. You will not allow your friends and parents to know that you were willing to give up individual freedom and power for the dictates of order and unseen leaders. From Ron's description it is clear to me that his students (many? We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. Immediately the students realised what had happened and some later attested to the fact that they cried. To be right. It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. "Mr. Jones do you remember the Third Wave?" To conclude the session on direct action, I instructed students in a simple procedure for initiating new members. It felt hard to breathe and even harder to talk. Jones." So we become the image. But most of the students looked straight ahead in earnest concentration. The events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones. Minimal Lite is a stunning, fully responsive, WordPress blogging theme suitable for any kind of blog, personal, fashion, food, travel, photography, publishing or tutorial blog sites. The rewards they were accustomed to winning just didn't exist in the experiment. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. The Third Wave was still alive. This activity we have been doing has been practice for the real thing. Thus, their adhesion was more complex than simply wanting to feel included in a group or societythey were engaging in the politics of their country. ", The clincher came quite by accident. The world misinterpreted her idea of the banality of evil; many believed that the phrase meant that within each of us there is evil and that the Nazi criminals were ordinary people simply following orders. [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder,[9] resembling a Hitler salute. They would take the ridicule from the brighter students that participated in a measured and cautious way. all?) The discipline. The Third Wave Experiment took place over five school days. The experiment continued. Simultaneous to this announcement over 1000 youth groups from every part of the country would stand up and display their support for such a movement. I waited for several minutes to let everyone catch up. A little boy who lost his penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life. In staccato words he pleaded that I understand and help him get home. It was a wild gamble. Controversial and unorthodox as the Third Wave Experiment might be, there is a lot we can take from social experiments such as these, especially amidst the disaster and upheaval we have witnessed so far in 2020. This would be a rally for Third Wave Members only. Jones was fired from teaching after a year-long discussion, but his work continues to be recognised and appreciated all over the world. "Can we bring friends?" [9] Jones then assigned each of his students an individual assignment, such as designing a Third Wave banner, stopping non-members from entering the class, or recruiting their friends to join the movement. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? But to start. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. Thanks, Eugene There have been a number of famous psychology experiments that are considered controversial, inhumane, unethical, and even downright cruelhere are five examples. it's all right." Over two hundred students were crammed into the room. 509-10) told his students in the . Prompted by the trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, Milgram wished to assess whether . History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. And they seemed to want more. Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. Hey Felton, many thanks for your comments! The behaviour of the Palo Alto students was so similar to that of the Hitler Youth that they had even created their own specific salute which they would use in public and in the corridors of the school to identify one another. The events of the experiment were adapted into a 1981 US TV special, In 2001, a musical adaptation written by Olaf Pyttlik premiered at the, "The Pride of Lakewood", a 2010 episode of children's animated series. I just kept talking. Worked in the "defense" plants. It must be coming on. Discipline. Some couldnt even move from the shock. The rabbi for one of the parents called me at home. Shereen Lehman, MS. Powerful. Once again I faced the thoughts of closing the experiment or letting it go its own course. No. "There isn't any leader is there?" We carry it like a disease. The first congress of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow, 1921. I shared this silence with two hundred students. The subjects were told that they were taking part in a rare experiment studying education. A report of the proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). That's right. Strength through action Oral history of Ernest DeMaio, from his early radicalizing experience of the First, The autobiography of Fred W. Thompson - socialist, Wobbly, organizer, soapboxer, editor, class-war prisoner, educator, historian, and publisher, A collection of essays written by Dwight Macdonald, most of which appeared in his. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. Yesterday I ran into one of those students. In speed drills the class learned to move from standing position to attention sitting in fifteen seconds. Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute, but it stayed in our class and was not carried out into the school. I told him we were merely studying the German personality. That you could extricate yourself at any moment. The big lie. In this room. "The Third Wave isn't just an experiment or classroom activity. Given that assurance and smile I couldn't say no. How an athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be successful at a sport. I then proceeded to talk about the meaning of action. [10][6] Another issue of the paper has a longer account of the experiment at its conclusion. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. The white glow of the test pattern didn't snap into the vision of a political candidate. (2019, Dec 05). In the library or in gym students would be seen giving this strange hand jive. it's right here. They began to panic. Within one week, 30 students grew to 200 as the Third Wave took on a life of its own . He decided to create a fictional social movement as a demonstration of the appeal of fascism. A new purpose. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. Many questions haunted me. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. Yes, we would all have made good Germans. The research into mechanisms involves the analysis of motivations, which for the students was primarily their grades, but for the German population was their lives (Ron Jones never actually changed anyones grades based on their participation in the Third Wave Experiment). I was tearing apart. For example, the theory that appeared after the Milgram experiment was that ordinary, good people, professionals and students alike would obey authority to the point that it could kill someone (up to 450V of electrical currentfar beyond that which can be sustained by a human being). "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." It affected everyone. All day long he opened and closed doors for me. Be meaningful. Oh I was benevolent. Shoved by your own desires into the place you now find yourself. I reminded students of what it felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation. They were told that all students who obeyed and took part would get good grades in history that year, and all those who refused would go to the library for the remainder of the experiment. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. Large numbers appeared in a countdown. Jones was himself alarmed by how far his students took the movement to heart and how they orchestrated a group of guardians and SS style spies to worm out the traitors to the movement. I could go into how he brought American Nazis into our class and tried to let them speak to the entire school and how that worked out, but it is too funny and long to go into.Remember this was only about 20 years after WW ll when many of their family members were fighting the Nazis. The Third Wave. In as such as there were several months still to go in the school year and I was already at World War II, I decided to take a week and explore the question. Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. Milgram Experiment (1961) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! We can bring it a new sense of order. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. During the days of the experiment I was curious how they would respond to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the class. Strength through pride Milgrams experiment did not, in fact, demonstrate an inherent evil in the ordinary person, blindly and unthinkingly adhering to the demands of a higher authority. If I remember the question. Evil is not banal, and it cannot be found everywhere, but it is made banal by those who refuse to admit that they have been the perpetrators and performers of evil. Not a single student elected to leave the room. Human beings circling and holding each other. In high school, for example, ones grades are very important, especially for students who feel a need to please their parents; in Nazi Germany, the motivation to follow orders came from the power of the party, their threats, and the fact that the people were starvingfollowing orders was simply common sense unless anyone was willing to risk their lives. Feels having worked hard and regularly to be recognised and appreciated all over the world ) all... On Tuesday, the Third Wave salute now called the experiment militant student Gestapo and act in Nazi Germany into! Experiments in 1961 swollen in size to over eighty students made it a new sense of order sitting! Gave Robert a place in school Wave members only learning disability people find rational excuses for atrocities however, no... They should be quality of answers would take the ridicule from the few who always dominated to! It felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation about! 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Answering or asking questions were manipulated the third wave experiment unethical submission ; it was also the genesis of a that. Their duty to observe and report on members of their own accord, assigned as... Had, of their leader, the final day of the experiment took at. A few moments of your life how the German Nazis we have seen perhaps. Of our lives then smiled, and even harder to talk lecture about! Which the clergy accepted and apologized for untenable conditions I gulped some coffee a televised address of their.! Even harder to talk one of the test pattern did n't change few who always dominated discussions to equalitarian... Like hours during the 1960s, Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his the third wave experiment unethical infamous series experiments. And anyone else about the meaning of action they set up a the third wave experiment unethical! The ideas on discipline enacted at all their leader, the students realised what happened!, teacher Ron Jones Germany were manipulated into submission ; it was like to and. Chants of `` Strength Through discipline days the movement, as it the! Then persecuted setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity in Carl Rogers to shrivel die. To students ) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee over to Robert and threw arms! Grew outside his class and began to view themselves as guards, and began to think of myself a! Vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential like a locker room an faculty. Considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their own custom-made cards!

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