My apologies if any creative is offended by the use of their work prior to express permission granting.R E S P E C TYour participation on this platform is allowed, encouraged, and highly appreciated, as long as you warrant that you will not post any messages that are harmful to young people (especially children), disrespectful, actively or passively aggressive, hateful, hurtful, racist, deliberately offensive, homophobic, threatening, defamatory, damaging or otherwise violative of any laws. Spells Spell is a set of powerful words, spoken or unspoken which are considered by its user to evoke mighty magickal effect on the target. Which lottery is the easiest to win in South Africa? Other dances linked to solemn Yorb occasions use both the horse-tail whisks and whisks made from the tails of other animals. Strangely enough, the term gon is a Btonu loanword into b. Those engaging in the joust are said to j yak literally, to eat yak, as glossed above. Good wishes are often referred to as prayers/bl. Also referred as "divine messenger"; a prime negotiator between negative and positive forces in body; enforcer of the "law of being". Figure 1a (a) Lbn (or lbn) of Od (also called ba obnrin). 18 See Bintou Day, Festival sinankunya by Santos: a use of sources, Malisnews.com, 7 April 2016. The separate primordial ritual function of the horse's tail further underscores our conclusion that the horse must be present in the deep and remote history of Yorb tradition and culture, and is less likely to have arrived with more recent migration, or with the military adventurism of jihadists.Footnote 34. It was divined for knkdk [sweet potato] who is the king of yams, And the horsetail who was the child of Olkun nad [Creator God], It was predicted that by the time the horsetail had become famous and prosperous, We respect the horsetail in admirationFootnote 32. The existence of discourse forms such as we that reference the apparatus of the state need not detain us further here. "Every ritual is to help you connect to the ancestors like vodou, activating your ancestral memory. In Africa there are so many herbs and plants that can be used in healing, that only someone with a "trained eye" can take full advantage of their functions. Some diviners could use trial by ordeal to reach their conclusions To the unlearned, it would sound like some spooky incantation, as would the result bless the owner or the practitioner with incantations or wisdom deriving from Arabic scripture In The Encyclopedia Of 5,000 Spells: The Ultimate Reference Book for the Magical. Thus, calling one's dog by name delivers the message inherent in its name to all hearers, including the one for whom the speaker intends the message.Footnote 23 Schottman puts it this way: This diplomatic way of expressing oneself when a difference arises is doubly indirect: (a) The dog's owner makes use of a pseudo-addressee (the dog), and (b) the message is formulated with a proverb, therefore with words of which the owner is not the author. And, given the function of the riddle in the epistemological consciousness of a people, we should not be surprised that horse riddles, like horse we and horse metaphors, abound in Yorb and also in Btonu. In addition, Traditional Healer,Curse Removal, Herbalist,Remove Negative Energy, Spiritual Cleansing,Voodoo spells. This type of practise is concerned with the elimination of symptoms. . The "Osainista" is said to be an expert in local herbology, possessing the "know how" on herbs and plants and the correct gathering of the necessary herbs and plants for the right cause. After the ba, If priests are the next most prominent group of people who use the rkr as a symbol of their priesthood and of their power to dispense like an ba, albeit only at divinatory and formal sessions. Certainly, the picture in Igbo discourse imbues the oil in the yam, to make the eating experience extraordinary. Hadith of River Euphrates expalination about Gold mountain by Sheikh Imran Hoseinriver Farat. Incantations are used when the act of wishing is being carried out; a wish may be positive, negative or both. These would have been worn around the neck like the linked edan of gb elders. This is used to hypnotize people. 5 Estimated total population in 2016 is given as 43 million, with 40 million in Nigeria and 1.7 million in Benin (). . RELATED: Elden Ring: The 10 Best Sorceries, Ranked. He goes on to say that the orthodox methodology for the treatment of diseases is based on what he called "the contrary principle,". It is more likely to be the case that the treasure mentioned in the hadith of Thawbaan (may Allah be pleased with him) is the treasure that will be uncovered when the water level of the Euphrates drops, or it may be something else. I suggest that the most reliable source of material for testing the plausibility and/or validity of the post-contact narratives of our essence is our lore, transmitted through language, and that we should interrogate and creatively re-enact our story for posterity. It emphasizes prevention, health maintenance, high-level wellness and longevity. Source: Abdn (2014: 151).35. Consider that the Yorb pack the force, rationale, delivery, context and reception of the horse we in the following text: At this stage of our inquiry, it is unrealistic to pretend to be able to make any definitive statement about the scope of the horse we in Yorb, as there exists at least one horse we for every facet of Yorb reality or thought. . In addition, there are purely descriptive names that relate to the colour of the dog's coat: afn (one that is white/blond) and ad (one that is black). sn is associated with dominion over all wild herbs, and is considered by most practitioners as the greatest herbalist that ever lived. By language, I do not mean isolable morphemes and lexical items, although one may consider them symbols par excellence that embody significant memories. For one thing, the lexical formative r in rkr in animal anatomy refers strictly to the tail.Footnote 27 To the extent, therefore, that the ba's rkr is made of the mane of a white ram, that term may be argued to properly refer to ba's item of power; only analogically and, because of the force of its application in the hands of ba and babalwo, did it come to refer to a horse's tail, for reasons of morphological similarity.Footnote 28 This argument suggests that the presence of the horse in the Yorb tradition pre-dates the tradition of ba, and, ipso facto, it also pre-dates the association of the beaded crown with the , which the ba dispenses with rkr (see Figure 1). Good wishes are often referred to as prayers/blessings, and negative wishes are often regarded as curses. Certainly, non-military visual representations of the horse require explanation in such a setting, in the absence of putative belated sixteenth- to nineteenth-century contact with the animal. Rather, in a similar manner to mainstream Orthodox medicine, it strives to destroy the agents that cause disease. In this sense, dog names in both Table 4 and Table 5 are empirically valid in Yorb and Btonu respectively. According to Olorishas, she is the amniotic fluid in the womb of the pregnant woman, as well as, the breasts which nurture. (Palau Mart Reference Palau Mart1992). This, then, argues against the suggestion or insinuation that the trope gn owes the physical presence and power that the devotees perceive and experience when the medium is possessed to a Middle Eastern tradition whose godhead is both remote and impermissibly awe-inspiring. I surmise that the names of people and the anthropocentric names of animals encapsulate world views and epistemological orientations of peoples; as a consequence, cognate relationships of form and meaning between any two distinct peoples based on these units should imply that there are more significant historical connections with diachronic implications than in cognate relationships distilled from discrete lexical items. Robin Law (Reference Law1980) conjectures that the Garamantes had horses in the fifth century BCE, and we know that the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the Alps into Italy with 26,000 troops, with 6,000 horses and with elephants during the Second Punic War, c.218 BCE. Source: Abdn (2014: 151). 20 I acknowledge here the suggestion by a reviewer of this study not to leave the Btonu dog story either to the reader's imagination or to a possible future investigator whose interest may have nothing to do with compelling history and historians to be searching, explanatory and plausible. An "Ongn" refers to a herbalist, an "Olgn" is one of several terms for a medical practitioner, and a "Babalwo" is a priest/priestess. In the world of magic,wizards,witches, andfairiesallegedly perform incantations. An incantation can also be, performed during ceremonialritualsorprayers. The three terms gloss as follows in Yorb: jnu (<-j-nu, that which is used to pick the mouth), ks and gr. And we would still be interested in what the lore of both the Btonu and the Yorb allows us to deduce about their common and/or separate past. Feature Flags: { Ayinla, Sangodare Hadith of River Euphrates expalination about Gold mountain by Sheikh Imran Hoseinriver Farat. Source: Abdn (2014: 110). 11 We adopt Sans's convention of marking the middle tone for Btonu, with the macron above the orthographic element, but the Yorb orthographic symbols and for the IPA and . And at least our meaning will be wholly ours. Such areal features suggest that there might be a great deal more to gain from a systematic inquiry into macro-linguistic units, which gives folklorists no end of delight. The river is also most important because it holds the sign of Qiyamah, Almighty Allahs final assessment of humanity. Often ill-translated as "The Devil" or "The Evil Being", s is neither of these but best referred to as "The Trickster" dealing a hand of misfortune to those that do not tribute or deemed to be constantly "unaware" of their surroundings. And this "snyn/sn," or 'the whispering genie,' is deemed one of the most important rs in Yoruba medicine. If a systematic inquiry into dog names and the culture of humananimal relations beyond mere ecological coexistence among the Yorb and the Btonu reveals a commonality that is also particular to the two groups or to the sub-region to which both belong, we would again like to use its conclusions to interrogate hypotheses about the external history of both peoples. It therefore seems that Drewal and Mason's (Reference Drewal and Mason1998) remark that [t]he whisk made from a horse's tail suggests images of military and royal might may apply to r in, the tail of a horse, and not to ba and babalwos symbol of mystic authority. Search: Powerful Yoruba Incantations. Now this is not a genie that will drop things physically in front of you, like food, wine and a flying carpet. 17 I wish to thank one of the anonymous reviewers for bringing to my attention the scope of this custom in West Africa, and its humanistic import which impressed UNESCO to declare it to be of world heritage value. 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