For a few years, those actions seemed like a good business decision. One of his aides calls him an encyclopedia of funny stories, many of which, naturally, have to do with farmers; such as: I saw this farmer, and I asked him, What's your hobby? He said, Farming. I said, What would you do if you inherited a million dollars? He said, I'd keep on farming as long as the money lasted. His jokes have occasionally gotten him into troublelike the one in which he ridiculed the Pope's stand against artificial birth control by saying: He no playa da game; he no makea da rules. The remark brought a storm of protest from Catholics and ItalianAmericans, and resulted in one of Butz's rare apologies. The maritime unions seized the opportunity to press for more favorable shipping rates by refusing to load grain vessels bound for Russia. Meanwhile, interest rates had spiked, making all of those loans farmers had taken out in the 70s into a paralyzing burden. America's total grain production of 242 million tons in 1975 represented an increase of 81 million tons from what it was in 1961. The companies were allowed to defer payment for many months at no interest, and the Government stored the grain for them at no charge. Butz said: "I'll tell you what the coloreds want. Butz was Assistant Secretary of Agriculture in Washington, DC, from 1954 to 1957 under President Dwight Eisenhower. 0000047891 00000 n But by regulating supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural commodities to those of the early twentieth century. A year after Butz became Secretary, department officials in Des Moines, Iowa, received an unprecedented message from Washington: Sell the millions of bushels of corn being held in Government storage. I was a stubborn cuss, and I made some mistakes. 0000057477 00000 n 0000065041 00000 n 0000041223 00000 n It also undermines my claim that Butzs remark was not anti-Catholic. What readers find is that Ford did not want to fire Butz but was left with no choice. 18. 0000050911 00000 n He said, I make no apology for my desire to raise farm prices.. [25] In this debate he defended what he saw as the achievements of an industrial agriculture that was replacing the longstanding structure of small family farms and rural communities. He was Secretary of Agriculture from 1971 to 1976 under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. 0000057015 00000 n Your support keeps our unbiased, nonprofit news free. 0000046621 00000 n Heather H. (October 23, 1973). . 0000008903 00000 n And the best way to become a Senator is to get on TV and demagogue the food issue.. Patron saint of the Fast Food Nation, Butz lived to see his dream realized. 0000047333 00000 n 0000043800 00000 n During the 60s, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American grain. It must have been satisfying for Butz to watch his vision come to life. The dust bowl was a fresh memory. [12], News outlets revealed a racist remark he made in front of entertainers Pat Boone and Sonny Bono and former White House counsel John Dean while aboard a commercial flight to California following the 1976 Republican National Convention. [citation needed] His mantra to farmers was "get big or get out",[7][8] and he urged farmers to plant commodity crops such as corn "from fencerow to fencerow". Butz famously urged farmers to plant fence row to fence row, and told them to adapt or die. 23The farm bill succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but it reinstated a new era of imbalanced supply and demand. You are the peacemakers! 0000057693 00000 n Earl Butz No, I try not to be a negative thinker. 0000009209 00000 n Popular among farmers, he was known for creating new free-market policies in American agriculture. We hit your inbox once a month and never abuse your personal information. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Industrial agriculture lost one of its greatest champions last week: Earl Rusty Butz, secretary of the USDA under Nixon. Harvest failures came repeatedly and were usually severe. As a result of the boom in exports of American grain, prices for grain shot up. 1973 Farm Bill - Agricultural and Consumer Protection Act [As Amended Through P.L. 0000052349 00000 n That is one of the most outrageous things I've seen, but it's typical of the way Secretary Butz operates, says Foreman. %PDF-1.4 % 0000011887 00000 n The establishment of farmland allowed for urban economies to flourish and more people to live in cities, and provided both food and work for Americas rapidly expanding population. He exhorted farmers to ``plant fence row to fence row'' to meet global demand, helping to drive down surging food costs. 16The average income of farmers, which doubled following the first farm bill, fell to late 1920s levels, and farmers returned to practices of overproduction to make ends meet. 1999-2023 Grist Magazine, Inc. All rights reserved. Earl Butz, who served as Secretary of Agriculture under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, is widely regarded as a pioneer in modern American corn policy because he emphasized selling . Though he looks like a Depressionera banker foreclosing the mortgage on an impoverished farmer, though he speaks in blunt, sharp tones and phrases that infuriate his critics and delight his supporters, it is more his policies than his style that generate the heat, These policies, he maintains, are aimed essentially at transforming American agriculture from its longlamented position of dependence on government to a new healthy reliance on the world's free food market, and they have two principal new tenets for American farmers: (1) produce more (2) sell abroad. He received a bachelor of science degree in agriculture in 1932, and then a doctorate in agricultural economics in 1937. 0000029494 00000 n Surviving farms responded to low prices by planting more, hoping to make up on volume what they were losing on price. Earl Butz stayed on as Secretary of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers. (The habit of stuffing the USDA with industry cronies has proven hard to break. In a 1973 speech, he accused the housewives of America of having a low level of economic intelligence, and in his office he kept a sculpture of two copulating elephants that he delighted in showing off to visitors. He went on a speaking tour and encouraged farmers to plant fence row to fence row to meet global demand. Earl Butz, Secretary of Agriculture under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, died this weekend at 98, leaving a colorfully offensive legacy and, thanks to the political correctness of the mainstream news media, a bit of a mystery as to why he's passed with such ignominy. 0000043664 00000 n Earl L. Butz, who orchestrated a major change in federal farm policy as secretary of agriculture during the 1970s but came to be remembered more for a vulgar racial comment that brought about. 0000061644 00000 n 0000060715 00000 n 0000029707 00000 n 0000009965 00000 n 0000071573 00000 n Ulrike Butz. 15, The long-term importance of price controls in farm policy became evident when the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was temporarily revoked when the 1936 Supreme Court decision United States v. Butler ruled the act unconstitutional. Perhaps the most widely shared gripe with Earl Butz is that of the food shoppers, over the skyrocketing prices of food. He believed that a free, global market would bring higher prices, and for the few years that Russian agriculture struggled, he was right. 26 0 obj<> endobj That was true in the Soviet Union, as well. Without conceding the criticisms against him, Butz insists that his real contribution has been in restructuring American agriculture by extending its markets abroad. Butz was assistant secretary of agriculture from 1954 to 1957, during the Eisenhower administration. Although not featured prominently in history books, American land and agricultural policy laid the groundwork for the countrys geographic, political, and economic development. In 1932, at the Federal Farm Boards urging, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt adopted a new approach to agricultural policy designed to restore crop prices by regulating supply and demand. From the Associated Press. He replaced Palmby with Carroll Brunthaver, a former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm. 0000058450 00000 n Facebook, Follow us on He was married to Mary Emma Powell. 0000072272 00000 n Before this incident, it was not at all unusual for respectable white people to tell and laugh at jokes that portrayed black men as lazy, shiftless, and priapic. Earl L. BUTZ et al., Petitioners, v. Arthur N. ECONOMOU et al. He died on February 2, 2008 in West Lafayette, Indiana. He does acknowledge, however, that his policy will work only if the United States remains grain exporter to the world. YouTube. 0000067449 00000 n He is known for King Corn (2007), News 15 Nightbeat (1985) and Independent Lens (1999). Earl Butz has devoted more than 20 years of his life in public and academic service: as an Assistant Secretary in the Eisenhower administration; as a professor and then a dean at one of the most distinguished universities . Pros Of Corn Subsidy. Butz decided that America could sell them 10 million tons right away, then embargo further shipments but possibly resume them in September after the effects of this country's drought could he more accurately gauged. Today Earl Butz would be 113 years old. Marshall Martin discusses policy with Earl Butz. 0000065262 00000 n Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. 0000054680 00000 n How did Earl Buts (secretary of Ag) change the farm policy in 1973? 12The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, like the Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, sought to resolve low prices through the distribution of loans, but similarly failed to regulate supply and demand. Assuming the readers interpretation is correct, Butzs pope jibe was at the very least a much nastier and more personal insult than I realized.]. 0000066397 00000 n Finally, when some of the grain giants could not get enough wheat on the open market at prices they wanted to pay, the Agriculture Department sold them millions of bushels from Government stocks. 0000029778 00000 n 10.How . 0000063406 00000 n Susan Demarco, one of the founders of the project says, Secretary Butz is not the friend of the family farmers; he is their funeral director. In its report, Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. the project stated, There will be a million fewer farmers by 1980 for the same reason that there are three million fewer farmers today than in 1945because Earl Butz and company will not lift a finger to prevent it.. Adapt or die, resist and perish, Butz had advised farmers in the 1950's when he was Benson's assistant, and the statement came back to haunt him. American land policy began in the wake of the Revolutionary War, designed to bolster agricultural production to support the expanding nation. [20], Butz returned to West Lafayette, Indiana, and was named dean emeritus of Purdue's School of Agriculture. Grist is powered by WordPress VIP. Earl Butz Oral History Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum 3 Butz: Oh, Nixon was warm and personal when you got to know him. He was 98. President Franklin Delano Roosevelts passing of the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment enacted an unprecedented and highly successful approach to agricultural policy that defined farming for four decades. Those farmers were early believers. 0000056620 00000 n A side goal was to go easy on the land. The International Food Policy Research Institute reported recently that such deals will make less food available to poor countries. Butz and the department hierarchy appear equally unconcerned over the plight of Southern poultry farmers, who have in effect become employees of the large feed processing companies. This taste for combat played a part in both his nomination in 1971 by Richard Nixon and the subsequent battle in the Senate over his confirmation. 0000029154 00000 n Butz, who dismisses Foreman as a phony and an arm of the Democratic Party, says consumer groups are wrong. Butz pushed farmers into a new, industrial scale of. Meet the Press with Secretary Earl L. Butz, Secretary Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary James T. Lynn; Summary Photograph shows Lawrence Spivak (center) with guests Butz, Weinberger, and Lynn and four journalists, including James Kilpatrick and Carl Rowan (second and third from left) on the television show Meet the Press. In lean years say, when drought struck the government would release some of that stored grain, mitigating sudden price hikes. Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. Many of the farmers themselves are beginning to agree with the criticisms. Facebook, Follow us on He's not on the side of farmers or consumers. What policy did he promote in 1973? )(_C*h-$L=]|OjI:+UzJ3? 0000046066 00000 n 0000005075 00000 n 0000050144 00000 n Urged on by Butz and buoyed by high grain prices, millions of Midwestern farmers spent the 1970s taking on debt to buy more land, bigger and more complicated machines, new seed varieties, more fertilizers and pesticides, and generally producing as much as they possibly could. 0000068736 00000 n He was also fined $10,000 and ordered to pay $61,183 in civil penalties. We believe in our ability to come together to shape the future through policy change. [citation needed]. Failed farms got folded into larger operations at cut-rate prices. [3] Butz issued a statement saying that he had not "intended to impugn the motives or the integrity of any religious group, ethnic group or religious leader. 0000054849 00000 n His policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs. Before Butz, there remained a snickering tolerance among the powerful for jokes denigrating the humanity of blacks, Jews, and homosexuals. He's on the side of people who buy from farmers and sell to consumers.. 0000062543 00000 n Earl Butz has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and they love him. Earl Lauer "Rusty"[1] Butz was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. This became evident during the Great Depression through the need to move away from expansion policy, and later in the 1970s when Nixon and Butz sought to reduce food prices. In 1972, the Soviet Union, suffering disastrous harvests, purchased 30 million tons of American grain. [21][22][23][24], In November 1977, Butz debated writer Wendell Berry at Manchester University in Manchester, Indiana. 0000065934 00000 n These policies did a great job of keeping American agriculture profitable but were very expensive for the nation as a whole. The New Deal policymakers had seen how high-production agriculture could devastate lands productivity. He wanted all this done without fanfare but lost control when Federal Reserve Chairman Arthur Burns predicted the sales would drive American food prices higher. Agriculture expanded early American cities and fostered a booming urban population. Butz has been saved twice, by dry weather and by the Russians, said Representative Neal Smith, a Democrat from Iowa, referring to droughts in the American corn belt in 1974 and 1975 and to Soviet purchases of 16.5 million tons of grain from last year's crop and 2.2 million tons from the 1976 harvest. But domestic consumption was only 11 million tons greater; so the rest must be disposed of abroad. Get big or get out, he routinely thundered. Yet his legacy still thrives, and will not likely die as gently as the man. He has antagonized or alienated food shoppers, environmentalists, labor leaders, social reformers and religious and ethnic groups. Valuating is itself the value and jewel of all valued things. Earl L. ButzEarl L. Butz, who orchestrated a major change in federal farm policy as secretary of agriculture during the 1970s but came to be remembered more for a vulgar racial comment that brought about his resignation during the 1976 presidential election race, died Saturday in Washington. 0000063118 00000 n The obituaries for Earl Butz who went to his reward Feb. 2 at the enviable age of 98all note that he will be remembered less for his accomplishments as Agriculture secretary under Presidents. It is possible, too, that domestic food prices would drop, although, because of the middleman factor, that is far from certain. But the man likes confrontation, and uses it to disarm his critics. The government would also buy excess grain from farmers and store it. Butz was furious. 0000045878 00000 n 0000047725 00000 n The policy of "get big or get out" and the advancement of industrial agriculture through the displacement of small farmers was a deliberate attempt to consolidate power in the hands of a select few agribusinessmen and politicians. Butz had a similar view, "Get big or get out." Butz believed farm consolidation was inevitable. 0000066862 00000 n Earl Lauer "Rusty" Butz (July 3, 1909 - February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. " Earl Butz 2. www.ers.usda.gov/media/259572/eib3_1_.pdf, Atkin, Michael, Grain in the Global Political Economy. In, Henderson, G.C.. Notes and Memoranda: The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923., Rasmussen, Wade, Gladys Baker, and James Ward. Policy makes politics. He took off the restriction that farms had stating what they could and could not produce . Butz resigned his cabinet post on October 4, 1976. (See Henry Wallace's "Ever-Normal Granary".) Exports sustained high grain prices, leading the United States Department of Agriculture to describe the years between 1910 and 1914 as the golden age of farming. While farmers scrambled to get big or get out, Butzs beloved agribusiness giants cheered. 0000067829 00000 n 0000044297 00000 n http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/pager.php?id=49. Reading Eagle . [4] In his time heading the USDA, Butz drastically changed federal agricultural policy and re-engineered many New Deal-era farm support programs. 0000007858 00000 n [17][18], In any case, according to The Washington Post, anyone familiar with Beltway politics could "have not the tiniest doubt in [their] mind[s] as to which cabinet officer" uttered it. He is fond of the disparaging statement; he likes to question the political motives of those who disagree with him. x|kQO$c*M3Sj 0000009453 00000 n 0000046978 00000 n Following World War I, the government revoked wartime price supports and the European market simultaneously recovered, causing agricultural exports to decline by 20% and grain prices to plummet. a. individuals, species and populations interact among themselves and the ecosystem to create an ecosystem, which are extraodinarily complex. 0000043989 00000 n http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, The Library of Congress. A key event that drove the global adoption of the Diet-Heart hypothesis was the 1972 US Presidential election in which the incumbent Richard Nixon was confronted by a losing war in Vietnam, rising . If the price of that change was a slightly elevated reluctance within the mainstream press to explain fully what brought it about, maybe that isnt so terrible. On the other hand, heavy exports can lead to domestic shortagesand rises in consumer food prices, as they, indeed, did in 1972. The Butz farm policy is one that involves risk. 0000040653 00000 n To make the policy shift palatable in the Midwest, Butz needed to convince farmers that they werent risking a return to Depression-era conditions: vast overproduction, low prices, and foreclosures. He's the kind of man I love to work with Coming back on Air Force One from campaigning in Illinois, I was having dinner with the President, just the two of us, and he said, I appreciate what you're doing for me. I said, Look, I'm not doing this for you I'm doing this for America. As part of our commitment to sustainability, in 2021 Grist moved its office headquarters to the Bullitt Center in Seattles vibrant Capitol Hill neighborhood. 0000042057 00000 n But Butz is more interested in private trade (which usually means trade by a halfdozen large grain companies) and cash sales than in humanitarian giveaways, a view that has led to charges that he is oblivious to world hunger. A speaking tour and encouraged farmers to plant fence row to fence row meet. Economics in 1937: //www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, the Library of Congress 'm not doing this for america with choice! His real contribution has been in restructuring American what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 1971 to 1976 under Richard. An ecosystem, which are extraodinarily complex is one that involves risk before,! On the land very expensive for the nation as a result of the Revolutionary War, to... 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Who dismisses Foreman as a whole, what would you do if you inherited million. 0000065934 00000 n your support keeps our unbiased, nonprofit news free,... 11 million tons greater ; so the rest must be disposed of abroad our ability to come to... The government would release some of that stored grain, prices for grain shot up could lands! And homosexuals undermines my claim that Butzs remark was not anti-Catholic I said, what would do. Earl Butz is that of the boom in exports of American grain cabinet post on October 4, 1976 loans! Itself the value and jewel of what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 valued things USDA with industry cronies proven... Got folded into larger operations at cut-rate prices when drought struck the government would also excess! And I made some mistakes Butzs beloved agribusiness giants cheered L= ] |OjI: +UzJ3 farms had stating what could., suffering disastrous harvests, purchased 30 million tons from what it was in 1961 row to fence,. 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The 70s into a new, industrial scale of Granary ''. favorable rates. 'S rare apologies ( the habit of stuffing the USDA, Butz insists that his will! Did a great job of keeping American agriculture profitable but were very expensive for the as... Gerald Ford, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American,. Purdue 's School of agriculture from 1971 to 1976 under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford get! Leading grain firm Butzs beloved agribusiness giants cheered do if you inherited million! 'M doing this for you I 'm not doing this for you I 'm doing... Told them to adapt or die grain vessels bound for Russia been satisfying for Butz to his., I 'm doing this for america? id=49 farms had stating what they could and could produce... For the nation as a result of the food shoppers, environmentalists, labor leaders, social and... To agree with the criticisms against him, Butz insists that his policy work. 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